Virtual Egyptian - Ribbed pattern-blown sprinkler flask, Syria

Ribbed pattern-blown sprinkler flask, Syria

Period:
Dating:		280 AD–320 AD
Origin:		Roman World, Eastern Roman World, Roman Syria
Material:		Glass (all types)
Physical:		9.5cm. (3.7 in.) - 80 g. (2.8 oz.)
Catalog:		GLS.SS.00728

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This glass sprinkler was blown from transparent green glass. Beneath the narrow, probably infolded rim, the neck tapers out ever so slightly, then meets the body with a constriction and a diaphragm. The fusing of the neck with the body is imperfect, with gaps on one side, and excess gathering of material on the other. The spherical body is decorated with fairly tight, slightly twisted vertical ribbing achieved by pattern blowing. The paraison may not have been well centered when the craftsman pushed it in the mold, because the ribbing pattern reaches all the way to the neck on one side, but dies off half way up the shoulder on the other. The bottom is smooth with a very slight concavity and no discernible pontil mark. This sprinkler is unusually thick walled and heavy for its size. Syria, Eastern Roman Empire, late third to early fourth century AD.

“Most sprinklers with this type of surface pattern probably date from the late third and early fourth centuries… such sprinklers were made in more than one workshop, but probably not over a long period of time, because relatively few have been preserved… expanded mold-blown ribs created in a one-piece conical mold [is] a technique that is not common with sprinklers” (Stern, 2001:153).

Parallel
“Ribbed sprinkler flask. Bluish-green glass. This flask has a spherical body with a concave bottom. The body has faint pattern-molded vertical ribbing and on the bottom a row of tooled finials which serve to stabilize the object. The tubular neck extends into a splayed lip with outfolded rib. At the base of the neck is a tooled constriction ring. Roman, 3rd. - 4th. century AD” (Fortuna 1991:53 #86).

Glass Sprinklers
Sprinkers are bottles made with a constriction in the neck resembling a washer. This constriction regulates the flow of contents to a trickle, which is helpful with products that must be dispensed parcimoniously. The level of care in the decoration of sprinkers suggests that their contents were luxury items such as expensive fragrances.

“[Sprinklers were] Made and widely used in Syria, Eastern Palestine, and Mesopotamia… The earliest sprinklers on record are those from Dura Europos in north Syria which date from before 256 when the city was abandoned… Production continued throughout the fourth century and perhaps into the fifth century. It has not been established when the sprinkler became obsolete. Syrian glassworkers made a large variety of vessels into sprinklers, simply by squeezing the neck with jacks and bushing the body up against the cut-in to create the diaphragm. Jars, tubes, amphorisks, and head-shaped flasks were occasionally finished as sprinklers” (Stern 2001:152).

Glass Pattern-Blowing
The pattern blowing technique consisted of inserting a blob of molten glass at the end of a blowpipe into a tapered one-part mold that would give it surface texture, pulling it out, and then inflating it. It was a particularly effective way to create ribbed patterns, which could be swirled if desired. It “was probably developed in the late third or early fourth century [AD] by Syrian glassblowers who began to expand geometric patterns made in full-size, multipart molds” (Stern 2001:27).

“The fourth century was an innovative period in the history of mold-blowing… The real success story was to be the straight walled, tapered mold with ribbing or fluting on the interior. Easy to make and easy to use, the mold enabled the glassblower to create a large variety of expanded vertical and spiral ribs. Immediately popular throughout the Roman Empire, pattern-blowing with expanded ribs was destined to become a lasting success that returned to mold-blowing some of its original appeal. The delicate ribs evoked the luxury of fine fluted silverware, but without the odium of mass production. The glassblower shaped each piece individually with his breath” (Stern 2001:134).

“Expanded mold-blown ribbing is nowadays made by blowing into a one-piece vertically fluted, conical mold. Several variation on the technique exist, but the basics are the same. After extraction from the mold, the ribs are either left straight or they are twisted by pressing the pointed end of the glass paraison against the marver (or in the mold) and turning the pipe. After this the glassblower blows and shapes the piece. The mold is used only to impart a surface pattern, the vessel is free blown. Usually, the ribs spiral counterclockwise, because the glassblower turns the blowpipe clockwise, the normal direction for a right-handed person” (Stern 2001:201).

Bibliography (for this item)

Fortuna Fine Arts, Ltd.,
1991 Shining Vessels: Ancient Glass from Greek, Roman, and Islamic Times. Fortuna Fine Arts, Ltd., New York, NY. (53 # 86)

Stern, E. Marianne
2001 Roman, Byzantine, and Early Medieval Glass; 10 BCE-700 CE; Ernesto Wolf Collection. Hatje Cantz Publishers, Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany.

Bibliography (on Glass Sprinklers)

Stern, E. Marianne
2001 Roman, Byzantine, and Early Medieval Glass; 10 BCE-700 CE; Ernesto Wolf Collection. Hatje Cantz Publishers, Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany. (152)

Bibliography (on Glass Pattern-Blowing)